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Attack therapy is a controversial type of psychotherapy evolved from ventilation therapy. It involves highly confrontational interaction between the patient and a therapist, or between the patient and fellow patients during group therapy, in which the patient may be verbally abused, denounced, or humiliated by the therapist or other members of the group.〔 The method has been used by groups such as Synanon, Straight, Inc., Élan School, and similar methods have been employed in Large Group Awareness Training, TROSA. . A 1990 report by the Institute of Medicine on methods for treating alcohol problems suggested that the self-image of individuals should be assessed before they were assigned to undergo attack therapy; there was evidence that persons with a positive self-image may profit from the therapy, while people with a negative self-image would not profit, or might indeed be harmed.〔 == Methodology == Attack therapy can be particularly problematic when the group members are captive, and not allowed to leave during the sessions.〔''Scripts People Live: Transactional Analysis of Life Scripts'', Claude M. Steiner, Page 256. ISBN 0-8021-3210-3, Grove Press, 1990〕 In ''Group Psychotherapy with Addicted Populations'', Flores notes that attack therapy can take place when individuals are psychologically intimidated in a confrontational atmosphere.〔''Group Psychotherapy with Addicted Populations'', Philip J. Flores, Page 355., 1997, ISBN 0-7890-6000-0, Haworth Press〕 In her book ''Help at Any Cost: How the Troubled-teen Industry Cons Parents And Hurts Kids'', Maia Szalavitz writes that attack therapy can include the tactics of isolation, and rigid imposition of rules, which later leads to a restoration of limited permissive freedom, and an acknowledgement of those that did comply with the strict rules.〔''Help at Any Cost: How the Troubled-teen Industry Cons Parents And Hurts Kids'', Maia Szalavitz , Page 7, Page 65., ISBN 1-59448-910-6, 2006, Riverhead〕 Psychologist Donald Eisner writes in ''The Death of Psychotherapy'' that attack therapy: "attempts to tear down the patient's defenses by extreme verbal or physical measures."〔''The Death of Psychotherapy'', Donald A. Eisner, Page 45., 2000. ISBN 0-275-96413-2, Praeger/Greenwood〕 Tudor describes attack therapy in ''Group Counselling'', writing that the individual is ridiculed in front of others, and cross-examined and questioned about their personal behavior patterns.〔''Group Counselling'', Keith Tudor, Page 16., ISBN 0-8039-7620-8, Sage Publications Inc, 1999.〕 According to Maran's book ''Dirty'', attack therapy can take place in "all-night encounter groups and daily interactions."〔'' Dirty: A Search for Answers Inside America's Teenage Drug Epidemic '', Meredith Maran, Page 93., 2004, ISBN 0-06-073061-7, HarperCollins〕 Monti, Colby, and O'Leary write in ''Adolescents, Alcohol, and Substance Abuse'' that in attack therapy, there was a movement to: "tear them down in order to build them up", referring to a methodology of tearing down the individual ego in order to then educate the individual in the inherent thought-patterns of the group and the group leader.〔''Adolescents, Alcohol, and Substance Abuse'', Peter M. Monti, Suzanne M. Colby, Tracy A. O'Leary , Page x., 2004, Guilford Press, ISBN 1-59385-090-5〕 In ''Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology'', Corsini and Auerbach note that attack therapy puts an emphasis on the expression of anger by each individual.〔''Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology'', Raymond J. Corsini, Alan J. Auerbach, Page 114., 1998, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-19282-1〕 ''One Nation Under Therapy'' by Satel and Sommers characterized attack therapy as among the "more bizarre expressive therapies", and put it in the same category as The Primal Scream, Nude Encounter, and Rolfing.〔''One Nation Under Therapy'' , Christina Hoff Sommers, Dr. Sally Satel, Page 75., 2006, ISBN 0-312-30444-7, St. Martin's Griffin〕 In ''Social Problems'', Coleman and Cressey write that in attack therapy, one individual is criticized and "torn down" by the rest of the larger group.〔''Social Problems'', James William Coleman, Donald Ray Cressey , 1984, Page 351. ISBN 0-06-041327-1〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「attack therapy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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